The Detailed Difference Between Wet and Dry Macular Degeneration

Before diving into the difference between wet and dry macular degeneration, it’s important to note that in wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD), abnormal blood vessels form in the eye and leak proteins and fats. Dry AMD, on the other hand, does not involve abnormal blood vessels. It is more common and generally less severe.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects more than 10 million people and is a leading cause of vision loss among older adults. Dry AMD is more common than wet AMD and is considered the less aggressive form of the disease.

There is currently no single known cure for AMD. However, certain dietary changes and self‑care measures can help lower the risk or ease the symptoms of both wet and dry AMD. This is one of the basic aspects of the difference between wet and dry macular degeneration.

Read also: Is PRK Vision Correction a Permanent Procedure?

The Concept and the Difference Between Wet and Dry Macular Degeneration

The retina is a layer of cells lining the back of the eye and is responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain, which makes sight possible. The macula is an area in the center of the retina, and it is responsible for central vision, which is essential for seeing fine details.

In AMD, the cells beneath the macula begin to break down and die, disrupting the eye’s ability to see centrally. People with AMD usually keep their peripheral (side) vision, but they struggle to see clearly what is directly in front of them.

Wet Macular Degeneration

Wet AMD is also known as “exudative” AMD. Doctors diagnose this form of AMD less often than the dry form; it accounts for about 10–15% of all AMD cases.

In wet macular degeneration, abnormal blood vessels grow underneath and around the macula and retina. These vessels can leak proteins and fats and may also lead to scarring.

Without treatment, most people with wet macular degeneration will experience permanent vision loss. Treatment can help slow down or reduce the extent of vision loss, but it does not always prevent it completely.

Read also: What Is Corneal Cosmetic Surgery?

Dry Macular Degeneration

About 85–90% of macular degeneration cases are the dry form. Dry macular degeneration usually causes less severe vision impairment than wet AMD and does not involve the growth of abnormal blood vessels.

The presence of multiple yellow deposits called drusen is usually a sign of dry AMD. Drusen are made up of cellular waste products and fats that accumulate from retinal cells. As drusen grow and become more numerous within the retina, the macula may become less efficient at generating visual signals.

People with dry AMD may notice problems such as a dark or blurry spot in their central vision. However, symptoms in dry AMD are usually less severe than in wet AMD.

In about 10% of people with dry macular degeneration, the condition may progress to wet AMD. Anyone experiencing symptoms suggestive of AMD should see a doctor as soon as possible. Early management can help prevent significant vision loss.

Read also: What Happens When You Start Wearing Contact Lenses?

Signs and Symptoms of Macular Degeneration

In the early stages of dry macular degeneration, many people have no noticeable symptoms. As dry AMD progresses to an intermediate stage, some symptoms may appear, such as mild blurriness in central vision or difficulty seeing in low‑light or dim environments.

The symptoms of advanced dry macular degeneration are similar to those of wet AMD. Anyone with any of the following issues:

— and in general, anyone who notices changes in their vision — should consult an eye specialist. The difference between wet and dry macular degeneration varies from person to person, and only a physician can make an accurate diagnosis.

To properly diagnose macular degeneration, doctors must examine the inside of the eye. After a thorough eye exam, the physician can determine whether the AMD is wet or dry. Patients with dry macular degeneration will show changes in the layer of cells beneath the retina, are likely to have drusen deposits, and may show direct damage to the retinal tissue itself.

Read also: Eyelid Dermatitis: What You Need to Know About Inflammation of the Eyelid Skin

Regardless of the type of eye problem, this delicate medical condition requires careful examination and an appropriate treatment plan by a skilled ophthalmologist using effective medical tools that can deliver real improvement. Whatever eye disease you may be dealing with, you can book an appointment at Battal Specialty Complex for a comprehensive eye examination and to begin addressing your eye problems, no matter how complex they are.

Read also: The MicroPulse Laser Device for Treating Eye Deviation and Strabismus